Outdoor recreation "is a right of Americans - not only something
to be enjoyed but vital to our spirit," former ATC Chairman
Stanley A. Murray said in 1989. Preservation of the
environment "is essential to America's spiritual well-being."
Murray, speaking to a group of southern park
supporters long after his fourteen-year chairmanship ended in
1975, had nevertheless remained active as chair emeritus and was
actively promoting the concept of an "Appalachian Greenway."
"If the Appalachian Trail is to survive as a
continuous footpath along the Appalachian mountains and if it is
to offer a wilderness experience," he continued, "then more than
a narrow path winding through second-home developments, with
background noises of chainsaws and barking dogs, a trail hidden
in underbrush and trees away from panoramic scenery - more than
this is needed."
This address came soon after the Board of
Managers had formally reiterated its support of the greenway
concept he had advanced for two decades. It was one of
Murray's last speeches before his death the following April.
Over
the course of forty years of work with the Conference, Stan
Murray helped cut and blaze many hundreds of miles of treadway
himself, in the tradition of his predecessors Myron Avery and
Murray Stevens. Perhaps more impressive, though, was
Murray's ability to lead ATC from a time when simply building
and maintaining a physical footpath was enough to one that
demanded building a legislative framework for a protected A.T.
and cooperative management with the federal government.
Slightly built and quiet in demeanor, Murray's
Maine roots were barely discernible after years of living in the
South. He graduated from the University of Maine and
earned a graduate degree in science from the Massachusetts
Institute of Technology. During World War II, part of his
military service took him to Oak Ridge, Tennessee, where he
first began hiking in the Smoky Mountains. He liked the
area and, in 1949, began a thirty-seven year career as a
chemical engineer at Tennessee Eastman Company in Kingsport.
Murray was a passionate conservationist who
did not like to compromise. Late in life, he said he
feared each generation was compromising the environment more and
more, but friendly persuasion was the tool he chose to use in
defense of his views.
One of Murray's earliest A.T. successes was
leading the Tennessee Eastman Hiking Club's sixty-five mile
Trail relocation over Roan Mountain. It took three years
to complete. It could have been easier, Murray said, "if
we had avoided Hump Mountain, but we
had to include it." To complete
it, he marshaled the support of the Cherokee National Forest,
the Tennessee Valley Authority, the Boy Scouts, and many
landowners. Today, a memorial to Murray stands near Hump
Mountain, one of the most scenic spots along the Trail across
the southern balds.
Murray's
work on the Roan relocation led, over time, to his creation of
the Southern Appalachian Highlands Conservancy in 1974 with the
express goal of protecting from development many thousands of
acres along the Roan Mountain massif by any means available.
SAHC was an outgrowth of an ATC committee he created - and
another intermediate organization that disbanded - and was just
one example of his foresight in pushing the greenway idea when
others on the Board wanted to focus purely on protecting the
footpath. He was president of the conservancy for eleven
years and was named its first executive director in 1988.
Before his death, he saw the Trust for A.T. Lands (now the ATC
Land Trust) and other land-buying conservation groups following
SAHC's model as facilitators in acquiring greenways.
His greenway idea was an old one, growing out
of the "trailway" fostered by ATC leaders as early as 1925.
Murray, who led the battle for a protected A.T. in the 1960's,
recognized in the early 1970s that federal legislation would not
provide enough of a buffer zone against encroaching development.
The greenway he proposed would follow the
crest of the mountains and provide two buffer zones. A
"primitive zone," mostly owned by public agencies, would be
immediately adjacent to the Trail. A "countryside zone,"
comprising predominantly private lands subject to local land-use
controls, would extend up to ten miles on either side.
Today, the greenway concept he identified is at the heart of the
Conference's attempt to protect the view shed along the Trail.
He was first elected to the Board in 1955 and,
for the following six years, led efforts to have campsites
(including lean-tos or shelters) every ten miles along the
Trail. In 1961, when he was elected chair, ATC had three
hundred members, and the Board met once every three years.
In those days, many in the Trail community feared federal
protection would result in a government takeover of the Trail.
Murray felt strongly that federal protection was vital and went
to work selling the idea to ATC members and legislators.
"How will we, over the next thirty to fifty
years, or even the next ten years, preserve our beloved
Appalachian Trail in any kind of primitive environment?" he said
in 1964. "It does not take a very big crystal ball to see
that some degree of public support, recognition, and protection
will be required."
In the years before the 1968 National Trails
System Act, Murray cultivated individual, group, and corporate
support in each of the Trail states, not only for passage of the
legislation, but for key state agencies to begin work on their
own protection efforts or, at a minimum, to put the Trail on
their maps.
Each year the effort in Congress was rebuffed,
Murray came back stronger than before in his determination to
keep the momentum going. In 1967, he told ATC members,
"We're on the threshold of a new era.... Upon passage of
the bill, the first big job to be done will be to define the
route and right-of-way of the Trail."
In 1966, Murray championed another issue -
wilderness protection for the Smokies. In 1967, he was
among six hundred people who gathered on a rainy day in the
Smokies to peacefully demonstrate their support. The sun
came out just as Murray began to read an inspiring letter he had
secured from Benton MacKaye. A year later, plans for a
road across the Smokies were scrapped.
Throughout his chairmanship, Murray stressed
the importance of volunteers. He often spoke of the need
to get more Boy Scouts, Girl Scouts, and other youth groups
involved in Trail activities, viewing them as a resource for
Trail-maintenance projects. He also championed the "free
spirit of the the individual worker, without whose continued
care and stewardship the Trail might become something without a
soul." With that in mind, he established the first Board
committee on Trail-maintenance standards. He carefully
worded his encouragement to maintainers when, in 1971, he said,
"The engineer needs to be an artist in laying out and designing
new trails. His task is to subtly blend his own
accomplishments with the naturalness of the surroundings and
avoid any indication of contrivance."
When Murray stepped down as chair, he
estimated he had been working forty hours a week on Conference
matters. The organization was one he had helped
streamline. The Board was meeting annually, ATC had moved
to Harpers Ferry, and, for the first time, it had a paid staff.
In 1989, three months after he had surgery to
remove a malignant brain tumor, Murray was backpacking on Roan
Mountain. He was nearly 65 and planning to section-hike
the whole A.T., something he had put off for many years.
That may have been the only goal this guiding light of the A.T.
was unable to attain.